Sale!
Awaiting product image

MATERIALS AND METHOD USED

Original price was: ₦ 5,000.00.Current price is: ₦ 4,999.00.

Category: Tags: , ,

Description

Introduction

In this project, we designed an efficient renewable home security system that has a function of alerting the homeowner on his/her mobile number in case of an intruder alert. The project is based on Arduino, PIR motion detection sensors, solar panel, rechargeable battery, LCD and GSM Module as the major components used, and the block diagram of the system is as shown in figure 3.1 below.

3.2      Materials used

  1. Resistor = R1 10k, R2 470K, R3 1K, R4 1K, R5 1K, R6 10K, R7 3.3K
  2. Capacitor 1 = 1000µf, C2= 1000µf C3=0.1Uf, C4 0.1UF, C5 10UF, C6 22PF, C7 22PF

iii.        Transistor = C1815, TIP41C.

  1. Battery 12V 7.2AH
  2. Solar panel

vii.       LCD

viii.      PCB

  1. Diode 5.1V zenerd diode
  2. GSM module SIM800l
  3. Micro controller At mega328p

xii.       Male header pin

xiii.      Switch

xiv.      Female header pin

  1. Cutter

xvi.      Soldering iron

xvii.     Soldering Lead

xviii.    Glossy paper

project box, 8pin flex wire, bots and nuts, solar panel

3.3                                                 

System block diagram

The block diagram of the system is as shown below:

 

Figure 3.1     system block diagram

3.4      Component Description

PIR Motion Detection Sensor

Passive Infra-Red or PIR Sensor is a Pyroelectric device that detects motion. Hence, it is also called as motion detection sensor. It detects motion by sensing the changes in infrared levels emitted by nearby objects.

GSM Module (SIM 900A)

SIM 900A is the GSM module with built in RS232 interface. It has dual band GSM system that works on 900/1800MHz frequencies.With the help of RS232, the modem can be connected to PC or microcontroller via serial cable.

Arduino UNO

It is the main controller used in this project. It detects the signals from PIR sensor and sends commands to GSM Module accordingly. The serial pins of the Arduino are used in this project to communicate with GSM module.

LCD DISPLAY

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16×2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.

A 16×2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5×7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

We have used 16*2 LCD display which has 8 data lines and 3 control lines. The connections of LCD are given below:

 

SOLAR PANEL

SOLAR PANEL

A solar panel is a device that is able to absorb sun rays and convert it into electrical energy precisely DC.  The photovoltaic panel comprised of silicon crystals, which reacts with sun ray and under this process, converts the sun rays into electricity. They supply the electricity for charging the batteries and for use by the appliances either directly or through an inverter.

Multiple modules where used to produce more electricity and then any excess energy that was produced was stored in the batteries for use during the cloudy/ rainy weather.

The panels are available in different sizes, voltages and amperage. They can be wired in series or in parallel depending on how the system is designed.

SOLAR BATTERY

FIG 2.5 SOLAR BATTERY

 

The battery that was used in this project is a solar battery. Without the battery, the system could only power when the sun is shining. The power would interrupt each time the cloud passes, the system would become very frustrating. The solar battery provided constant electricity and the load discharges 80% of its charge.

The batteries are the heart of the system and were available in different voltages and various amp-hour ratings depending on the requirement of the system.

 

 

 

3.5                                             SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The circuits diagram of the work is as shown in figure 3.2 below:

 

Figure 3.2 system circuit diagram.

4.5      Workings of System

PIR sensor detects motion by sensing the difference in infrared or radiant heat levels emitted by surrounding objects. The output of the PIR sensor goes high when it detects any motion. The range of a typical PIR sensor is around 6 meters or about 30 feet.

For proper operation of PIR sensor, it requires a warm up time of 20 to 60 seconds. This is required because, the PIR sensor has a settling time during which it calibrates its sensor according to the environment and stabilizes the infrared detector.

During this time, there should be very little to no motion in front of the sensor. If the sensor is not given enough calibrating time, the output of the PIR sensor may not be reliable. In this work, four PIR sensor are used at the four corner of the house.

When the PIR sensor detects any motion, the output of the sensor is high. This is detected by the Arduino. Arduino then communicates with the GSM module via serial communication to make a call or send an sms to the pre-programmed mobile number.

The LCD displays the parameter of the whole system at the instance when the system is working.

A renewable energy source (solar energy) is used to provide a constant power supply to the system.

An important point to be noted about PIR sensors is that the output will be high when it detects motion. The output of the sensor goes low from time to time, even when there is motion which may mislead the microcontroller into considering that there is no motion.

This issue must be dealt with in the programming of Arduino by ignoring the low output signals that have a shorter duration than a predefined time. This is done by assuming that the motion in front of PIR sensor is present continuously.

3.6   method used

The pin assignment of the whole system connection is as follows below.

 

GSM MODULE

  1. The pin of the GSM module is connected to 5 volts of the Arduino.
  2. The ground pin of the GSM module is connected to the ground of the Arduino Uno.
  3. The pin of the GSM module is connected to  of Arduino Uno that is Pin zero.
  4. The pin of the GSM module is connected to of Arduino Uno that is Pin (1)

 

PIR MOTION SENSOR

  1. The pin of the PIR sensor is connected to 5 volts of Arduino Uno.
  2. Ground pin of the PIR sensor is connected to the ground of Arduino Uno.
  3. of the PIR sensor is connected to digital pin 3 of Arduino Uno.

 

BUZZER

  1. The ground of the buzzer is connected to the ground of Arduino Uno.
  2. The of the Buzzer is connected to digital pin 8 of Arduino Uno.


LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

  1. The LCD RS pin to digital pin 12 of Arduino.
  2. The LCD enables pin to digital pin 11 of Arduino.
  3. The LCD D4 pin to digital pin 7 of the Arduino Uno.
  4. The LCD D5 pin to digital pin 6 of Arduino Uno.
  5. The LCD D6 pin to digital pin 5 of Arduino Uno.
  6. The LCD D7 pin to digital pin 4 of Arduino Uno.
  7. The LCD R/W pin to the ground of Arduino Uno.
  8. The LCD pin to the ground of Arduino Uno.
  9. The LCD pin to 5 volts of Arduino Uno.
  10. The LCD to 10K resistor ends to +5 volts and ground of Arduino Uno.

 

Interfacing Arduino to the buzzer

The ground of the buzzer is connected to the ground pin of the Arduino and the Positive terminal of the buzzer is connected to Arduino Digital Pin 8.

 

. Sending a message in text mode

To send an SMS message in text mode using the AT+CMGS command.

The format of this command is as follows:-

AT+CMGS=”<destination number>” [, <type of destination] <CR>

The GSM machine will then respond with a > prompt, next enter the message to send followed by Control-Z. The Appliance will then retort with a reference number or an error.

Interfacing of Arduino to GSM module

To join the GSM module to the Arduino Uno microcontroller we have to connect the Tx pin of the GSM module to the Rx pin of Arduino and the Rx pin of the GSM module to the Tx pin of Arduino. The ground pin of Arduino is then connected to the ground pin of the GSM module.

PIR motion sensor for sensing an intruder

The PIR motion sensor serves as the medium for detection of motion or movement, the Vcc pin of the PIR motion sensor is connected to the 5-volt pin of the Arduino, while the ground of the PIR sensor is connected to the ground of Arduino as well as the output of PIR connected to the pin 7 of Arduino. After establishing these connections, the system will work.  Below is the circuit diagram showing the connection of PIR motion to Arduino.

 

 

Fig. 3.4:Circuit Diagram of Interfacing PIR Motion Sensor to Arduino

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION

Using an Arduino and a passive infrared ray sensors, I created and put into operation a portable, reasonably priced, and incredibly powerful security alarm system. Because of the aforementioned properties, the supplied system can prove to be beneficial and effective. These alarm systems are highly sought after for security needs.

Recommendation

The device has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation.This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.

This project was built for Educational purposes. If one wants to use it for industrial or home applications, I recommend that a hook should be attached to the casing that would allow fixing the system on the wall.

Working on this topic as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.

Related products