effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state

Description

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted for investigating the effect of lesson planning on student achievement in social studies in Osun State. This research identified the significant difference in student achievement as a result of lesson planning. It also examined the effects of lesson planning on content literacy in the classroom. This study encouraged teachers to use lesson planning in teaching. Thus, the teaching procedure will be simple for the teachers and the students, and that will make the class progressively powerful, intriguing and charming. The population for this study consisted of all the elementary schools in Osun State, in session 2020-21. The sample for the study comprised of 10 teachers and 50 students from selected school. A self designed questionnaire was used by the researcher to collect information related to effects of effective lesson plans on students’ achievement. The research found that most of the teachers used planned lessons and they agree that planning makes their lesson more efficient and effective for students. The researcher found a positive connection between lesson planning and students’ results. The research after concluding all results, recommended that teachers need to plan their lessons adequately. The creation of all around planned lessons is a powerful method for make ideas of students clear.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTERS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Limitations of the Study 1.7 Delimitation of the Study 1.8 Research Methodology

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW   2.1 review of the study 2.2 Lesson Planning 2.2.1 Approaches To Lesson Planning 2.2.2 Standards-Based Lesson Planning 2.2.3 The Four Stages of Lesson Planning 2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF LESSON PLANS 2.3.1 Adaptability 2.3.2 Cognitive Enactment 2.3.3 Coherence 2.4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A GOOD LESSON PLAN 2.4.1 Instructing Goals 2.4.2 Heating up Movement 2.4.3 Systems and Strategies 2.4.4 Appraisal 2.5      THEORITICAL PERSPECTIVE 2.51   The Nature of social studies 2.5.2  Social Studies Is the Study of People 2.5.3  Social Studies Should Help Students Acquire Knowledge, Master the Processes of Learning, and Become Active Citizens

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY   3.1 Population 3.2 Sample 3.3 Research instrument 3.4 Data collection 3.5 Data Analysis

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION   4.1 Analysis of Teachers Questionnaire 4.2 Analysis of Students’ Questionnaire

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS   5.1 Summary 5.2 Findings 5.3 Conclusion 5.4 Discussions 5.5 Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

Appendix I: Teachers’ Questionnaire	48
Appendix II: Students’ Questionnaire	50

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Education is crucial to the social, political and economic development of any nation and consequently effective education is very important. Effective teaching is important because it is based on helping children developments from one level to another in a friendlier interactive society and to help students to be independent. Effectiveness does not mean being perfect or giving excellent performances, it is mean being able to plan effective lessons to catch the learner’s attention and to get them wholly engaged within the learning process, and consequently no time is available to make noise or bad behaviors in the classroom. For that it has been said that good order is the foundation of all things (Othmane, 2015). Classroom management deals with how things are generally carried out in the classroom. According to Rothstein (2008) classroom management is the relation between the teacher’s ability and student’s behavior to establish an appropriate classroom learning and teaching. Also Groves (2009) asserted that “classroom management is set of rules, words, and deeds that, the classroom teacher, use to keep classroom running smoothly so that you and your students can work, teach, and learn safely and efficiently”.

In addition, teaching is the interaction between teacher and student who participate for getting their own objectives. The quality of the teacher- student relationship is the reason for all other aspects of classroom management, therefore, we may say that the teachers play a major role in planning lesson. When they prepare it effectively, they will have a well-managed classroom since this helps them to avoid discipline problems and to facilitate student learning. Classroom management involves all aspects of what is going on in the classroom while a lesson is being taught because it includes elements of classroom discipline but it focuses more on creating learning environment that is organized, engaged and respectful for both teachers and students. (Hanane, 2016). Teachers as well were concerned with the questions of how to teach effectively and how to plan lessons successfully in order to avoid any mistakes with classroom management. Lesson plan as an effective tool of teaching was described by loads of researchers, below are some of them. This study was carried out to determine the effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in Osun State.

1.2 Statement of Problem:

Lesson plan is one of the most frequent effective factors in the classroom management settings. It has a great influence to manage a good classroom because classes without teacher’s planning may lead to discipline problems, disruptive behavior, poor learning, disappointment and frustration. Most of the researchers have the same idea that without lesson plan teachers cannot manage the classroom well which already mentioned in previous pages. Also, a study was conducted by Behzad (2013) reveled that Afghanistan is a developing country which nowadays is experiencing quality education but still there are lots of problems that cause low quality education. Lack of qualified teachers is one of the causes which the majority of school teachers (especially remote areas) are lack of pedagogical content knowledge which in the result they use poor teaching methods. Do not planning a lesson is another problem which cause low quality teaching. Lesson plan helps teachers to teach effectively and achieve the goal. Most of Osun State teachers design lesson plan, but have problems in its implementing, in some remote areas the teachers are unaware of designing lesson plan, because most of them are 12th grade graduates.

To respond the above issues and problems this research conducted to explore the use of lesson plan for managing classrooms in Osun state primary schools especially in social studies and find out the methods of applying lesson plan for managing classrooms better.

In this investigation, it was expected to audit the lesson plan practices and its belongings.

1.3 Research Objectives:

This research paper focused on the following objectives:

1. To identify the significant difference in student achievement as a result of lesson planning.
2. To examine the effects of lesson planning on content literacy in the classroom.
3. To compare the teaching practice with planned lessons with traditional teaching without planning.

1.4 Research Questions:

This research study will investigate:

1. Do lessons planned advance a huge distinction in students’ academic accomplishment?
2. Will lesson planning techniques emphatically influence content education in the classroom?
3. Do students in a planned lesson condition perform well when contrasted with the understudies in a classroom where no planning are utilized?

1.5 Significance of the Study:

1. This study is of incredible use to school teachers. The study will encourage teachers to use lesson planning in teaching. Thus, the teaching procedure will be simple for the teachers and the students, and that will make the class progressively powerful, intriguing and charming.
2. This study will profit students. Utilizing the appropriate planning in teaching which accommodates students’ need, level and age, and that improves students’ capacities to learn.
3. This study assists authors and educational programs creators with considering the lesson planning later on. This study may also prompt the examination of more investigations in this field for various populaces and factors.
4. The ultimate study has a great impact on the learning and teaching process. In order to create a good atmosphere in the classroom, teachers must plan a well-organized lesson. It clarifies the role of lesson planning in improving learners’ effective classroom.

1.6 Limitations of the Study:

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time Constraint:   The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.7 Delimitations of the Study:

“Delimitations are willful limits set by the specialist on the reason and extent of the investigation.” The accompanying delimitations were set on this investigation:

1. Students are learning at secondary dimension.
2. Data accumulation included data from the 2020-2022 school session.

1.8                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.