Description
This project is titled the design and construction of a water level sensor using ultrasonic and GSM module. The project on water level Indicator will help us to know when the water in our tanks is either full or empty and automatically switch on and off the pump as and when necessary. By using the basic principle of ultrasonic sensors, i.e the ECHO method, we calculate the time of the ultrasonic waves travelling to and fro and after a few calculations the answer obtained will be the water level in the tank. By using this concept, the water pump is switched on or off automatically when the water level falls below a certain level.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7 METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER TWO
- LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR
- OVERVIEW OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR
- HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR – WORKING
- HOW TO USE THE HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
- PROPOSED SYSTEM
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 SYSTEM FLOW CHART
3.5 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION
5.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nowadays almost everybody has overhead tank at their homes. But everyone who has a water tank above knows the kind of problems that they face. Firstly there is no system to track the water in the tank. Then there comes a secondary problem that is when their water pump is started they have no idea when it gets filled up and sometimes there are situation where the pump keeps on pumping water to the tank and the water starts spilling out from the tank. There is wastage of energy as well as wastage of water.
Water is essential in every hour of our lives. Hardly anyone keeps in track of the level of water in the overhead tanks. The objective of the project is to measure the level of water in the tank and notify the user about the water level through an SMS alert. This not only helps to keep the tank full but also making it more convenient for our day-to-day chores and also avoiding water wastage. In this project, the water is being measured by using ultrasonic sensors. Initially, the tank is considered to be empty. When the sound waves are transmitted in the environment, they are reflected back as ECHO. This same concept is applied this project. Waves generated by the ultrasonic sensors is sent to the water tank and their time of travelling and coming back is noted and after few calculations we can estimate the level of water in the tank. The motor pump is automatically turned ON when the water level becomes low and turned OFF when the tank is full. These alerts are sent as notifications in our phones through the GSM Module.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This device came to mitigate problems such as poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Automatic Water level indicator system is designed to monitor liquid level in an overhead tank. This device helps the user to measure the level of water in the tank and notify the user about the water level through an SMS alert. It is very useful because the user need not worry about the water content during the peak hours of the day. It not only helps in the daily chores but also prevents water wastage. It reduces human labour, saves time and also keeps the user updated regarding the water content.
- AIM OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to build a device that will measure the level of water in the tank and notify the user about the water level through an SMS alert. The objectives of the study are:
- To build the system prototype
- To monitor supply of water.
- To institutionalize social regulations level that govern the allocation, use and management of water for the different purposes.
- To study and understand the workings of the system.
- To achieve equitable and sustainable access to groundwater to all farmers through sharing of resources and socially regulated demand management of the resource.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will serve as a means is ensuring adequate or steady water supply in the area of application.
The study will also help students involved to understand how to interface arduino microcontroller with ultrasonic sensor.
The system will eliminate the manual method of monitoring the level of water in the tank thereby reducing human labour and time wasting.
This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise, it Saves roofs, water and electricity
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Whenever there is never failure in the GSM it will Cause inaccurate readings or late alert.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers building a device that will wirelessly measure the level of water in the tank and notify the user about the water level through an SMS alert using ultrasonic sensor and arduino.
1.7 METHODOLOGY
A lot of design research was carried out on water level measurement. Data books were consulted to make the most suitable choice of components at the most reasonable cost.
After the design, a market survey was conducted and some components used in the design were not obtainable in the market. Hence, alternative components had to be used and the circuit redesigned. The subsequent stage involves physically realizing the design work, constructing and packaging the entire circuitry on the frame. Finally, he work was given a fine finish and tested.
1.10 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, application, objective, problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
This project could be in homes or industries to monitor the level of water in the tank.
The system has a toggle switch, and power indicator, input voltage plug and also cell also made available and all mounted on the body of the casing. The toggle switch is used to switch the system ON.
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
In building this project, the following procedures were properly considered,
- Purposing of the entire materials / Components needed
- Resistance check of the components bought with the help of ohmmeter before making the necessary connection with the components
iii. Drafting out a schematic diagram or how to arrange the materials / components.
- Testing the completed system to see if the design works and
- Finally, implementation of design of the project.
Having procured all the materials, I processed into the arrangement of the components into the Vero board, proper soldering of the components then followed. The components were all soldered into the board after which it was correctly confirmed done.
4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING
The casing of this project comprises of internal and external packaging. Internal parts of the circuit was soldered and fixed inside the case. Then after that, follow by external components such as indicators, switch, and sensor.
4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
Having provided the casing and having finished the construction of the sections of this system, the assembling into the casing followed. The sections were properly laid out and assembled into the casing where the general coupling and linkages into the peripheral devices took place.
Finally; the indicator, switch, plug and probe socket were carefully brought out from the internal part of the casing through the holes made on the body of the casing, the input cable plug outlet mounted on the body of the casing where power source terminals will be connected.
4.6 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
As we all know that every engineering work goes with one or more problem, which enhances research and probably technological advancement to engineers while endeavoring to resolve such problem. Therefore the project on discussion suffers some noticeable drawback, which includes:
- Mechanical problem: we found it difficult to install all the external components. But after the effort was made, our aim was later achieved.
1. Calculations and Result Analysis
Considering the temperature conditions to be 28℃, an estimation is drawn regarding the distance measurement of the sensors to the base of the tank. The measurements were done using a measuring tape and the results are tabulated as follows:
| Actual Distance (cm) | Measured Distance
(cm) |
Error |
| 30 | 32 | +2 |
| 60 | 61.5 | +1.5 |
| 90 | 90 | +0 |
| 120 | 121 | +1 |
| 150 | 152 | +2 |
Table 1: Range Measurements and corresponding errors The error percentage is calculated as:
Error Percentage = [(Measured Distance-Actual Distance)/Actual Distance]*100%
%error = [{(32+61.5+90+121+152) – (30+60+90+120+150)}/(30+60+90+120+150)]*100%
%error = [(456.5 – 450)/450]*100%
%error = (6.5/450)*100%
%error = 0.014444444*100%
%error = 1.44444%
2. Applications
It can be used in multiple applied ways. Some of them are as follows:
- It can be used in large scale to control the water level in dams to prevent flood and other such
- It can be used to control water wastage in the municipality corporation tanks which supply water in a particular area.
- It can widely be used in industrial purposes as
3. Future enhancements
The project can also be installed with pH sensors which will help to regulate the acidity or alkalinity of the water.
4. Conclusion
Automation of the various components around us has been widely increased to reduce human intervention and save time. It is known that improper water management can have harmful effects on both the system and the environment. The main objective of this project is not only to reduce manual labour but also help save water in an efficient manner. Finally, a conclusion can be drawn that this project can definitely be useful on a large scale basis due to its minimum requirement of man power and also the installation process being easier making it more compatible for everyone to use.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in our homes and industries where the need for accurate flow and pumping of water is needed. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.
