DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC FENCE LIGHT CONTROLLER

This work is based on the building a microcontroller based automatic street light control system by using an LDR and Arduino UNO development board. In the project we use LDR as a light sensor and an arduino microcontroller for detection of high level or low level of voltage to energize the RELAY module which is used to interface the control circuit with the external light source. The relay controls ac lamps. The LCD displays when the fence light is ON or OFF.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Content

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      Introduction

1.1      Background of the project

1.2      Statement of the problem

1.3      Aim and objectives of the project

1.4      Significance of the project

1.5      Scope of the project

1.6      Project organization

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature review

2.1     Review of history of lighting

2.2     Review of different kinds of security

2.3      Review and description of led outdoor light

2.4      Review of related work

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Methodology

3.1      System block diagram

3.2      System circuit diagram

3.3      Components required

3.4     Components pins connections

3.5      Program code

3.6      System workings

CHAPTER FOUR 

Result analysis

4.0      Construction procedure and testing

4.1      Casing and packaging

4.2      Bill of engineering measurement and evaluation (beme)

4.3      Testing

4.4      Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      Conclusion

5.1      Recommendation

5.2      References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                     INTRODUCTION

1.1                                     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Automatic fence light control system provides an ease, convenience switching of the fence light instead of going by the manual old method that sometimes being endangered of electrocution and other accident. Automatic fence light needs no manual to operate. It switches ON and OFF automatically (Nkamuo, 2013). The lamp remains on till morning and the turns OFF immediately by day. This eliminates the need of switching the fence lamp daily also helps to light the premises of the house when the occupants are out of station (Nwokoye, 2011).

An automatic fence light controller is an electro – electric device designed to trigger a relay to operate an AC lamp at Sunset. The lamp remains on till morning and then turns off. This eliminates the need of switching the fence lamp daily and also helps to light the premises of the house when the occupants are out of station [1].

Automatic fence light controller needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF when there is need for light. It detects itself whether there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically light is switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the light gets OFF [1].

In this project we are building a microcontroller based automatic street light control system by using an LDR and Arduino UNO development board. There is a problem associated with the street lights that they keep on during the daytime or early in the morning when there is no need for artificial light. Sometimes the light from the sun is too bright especially in summers when the days are longer than night.

1.2                                        Problem  Statement

Traditionally, a fence light which is a security light is switch ON in the night/dark hour and switch OFF in the morning by the occupant of the house, and sometime the occupant of the house will forgets to switch the light ON/OFF and this leads to waste of energy or leaving the environment in darkness. Also, There is a problem associated with the fence lights that they keep on during the daytime or early in the morning when there is no need for artificial light. Sometimes the light from the sun is too bright especially in summers when the days are longer than night.

In order to solve this problem, a smart fence light controller was designed. This device saves the occupant the labour of going to-and-fro and also saves electric energy in that it switches ON the light during dark hours and switches OFF the light during daylight [2].

1.3                               Aim and objectives  of the project

The main aim of this work is to build a microcontroller based fence light controller. The objectives of the work are:

i.                    To build the system prototype

ii.                  To automatically control the switching of fence light.

iii.               To actualize the right time of switching fence light thereby saving energy

1.4                             Significance  of the project

This study serve as a means of learning function, operation and application of a light dependent diode resistor (LDR) or photo resistor

Finally, this work mostly exposed me to how to construct this system and also exposed me to know the applications of the system such as: is used to control a fence light automatically [3].

This study will also serve as a means of learning how to interface arduino with other hardware such as LCD, relay module and LDR.

1.6                                                Scope of the project

The scope of this work covers building a microcontroller based automatic street light control system by using an LDR and Arduino UNO development board.

In the project we use LDR as a light sensor and an arduino microcontroller for detection of high level or low level of voltage to energize the RELAY module which is used to interface the control circuit with the external light source. The relay controls ac lamps. The LCD displays when the fence light is ON or OFF.

1.7                                           Project work organisation

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to fence light controller. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of fence light controller were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of fence light controller. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                        CONCLUSIONS

At the end of this work a microcontroller based automatic fence light was designed. With this gadget you can turn ON automatically fence light when it is night or during sunset, plugs into standard wall sockets, Works with lamps and other devices.

Referring to the proposed automatic fence light circuit figure we can see a very simple configuration consisting of just a couple transistors and a relay, which forms the basic control part of the circuit. Of course we cannot forget about the LDR which is the prime sensing component of the circuit.

5.2                                          RECOMMENDATION

This project is designed to be used in our homes, offices and industries where the need for Security is needed. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.